{"id":1583,"date":"2020-09-22T21:50:42","date_gmt":"2020-09-22T13:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atomic-temporary-181982033.wpcomstaging.com\/?p=483"},"modified":"2022-09-26T23:58:18","modified_gmt":"2022-09-26T15:58:18","slug":"names","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shinsengumijapan.com\/en\/2020\/09\/22\/names\/","title":{"rendered":"The Shinsengumi\u2019s name"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Shinsengumi is written as\u65b0\u9078\u7d44 (Chinese phonetic alphabet as xin xuan zu) in Kanji, an ideogram that is used in the Japanese writing system along with the Hiragana and Katakana phonetic symbols. In some publication and site monuments however, it is often seen as\u65b0\u64b0\u7d44 (Chinese phonetic alphabet as xin zhuan zu) as well, creating a considerable level of confusion among readers and leading to guesses on various translation or adaptation from different writers or even from Chinese communities. In fact the latter\u2019s writing also originated from the late Tokugawa period historical records. The two characters appear to be interchangeable given its homophone in Japanese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n
Books with use of different characters<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From the start of mid-Meiji period, there was a relaxation on the restriction measures regarding the open and fair assessment of events or protagonists for the shogunate, following a rising number of publications on the Shinsengumi. There was no standard characters choice though. Among the most representative ones, The Trilogy of the Shinsengumi by Kan Shimozawa, Shinsengumi Kepp\u016broku by Ry\u014dtar\u014d Shiba, Tokugawa Yoshinobu by Yamaoka S\u014dhachi opted for the \u9078 character, while the literatures from the notable Japanese writers Akira Yoshimura and Eiji Yoshikawa adopted the \u64b0 character. In 1998, a Japanese publisher printed a paperback based on the Nagakura Shinpachi\u2019s memoirs which was originally published on the Otaru Shinbun newspaper in 1911. It was the phonetic zhuan alphabet which the book used. In view of Nagakura Shinpachi\u2019s authority as the Shinsengumi second unit\u2019s captain, ever since the book\u2019s publication, it has led to a popular use and higher recognition of the \u65b0\u64b0\u7d44 writing.\n\nHowever, with reference of the historical record at the Shinsengumi\u2019s time, would there be any documentation providing a more justifiable stand on Kanji\u2019s correct use? I\u2019m afraid not. In Shimada Kai\u2019s diary, it was mentioned that the Aizu-han, in Kyoto Shugoshoku\u2019s capacity, promoted the Mibu R\u014dshigumi to the Imperial government and the Shinsengumi\u2019s name was granted by Imperial order. In his record, it was clearly written as \u65b0\u9078\u7d44, but the Aizu-han document somehow stated otherwise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Shinsengumi, with its name literally referred to as newly selected corps, was in high correlation with the \u65b0\u9078\u7d44Kanji, of which a new cadet was trained by a group of r\u014dnin from all walks of life, being selected to remain with the same intention of protecting the sh\u014dgun and restoring law and order in Kyoto. However the\u64b0 character, in Chinese context, has a meaning of talent and support compilation which seems to better cater towards recruiting r\u014dnin of brilliant swordsmanship skills. In fact historians and scholars, based on the Emperor\u2019s naming as recorded in the Aizu-han document, once echoed \u65b0\u64b0\u7d44 as being the original writing. It however eventually led to different character writings based on the fact that the r\u014dnin of the time tended to rely on verbal communication as they were generally relatively less literate. Given the two characters\u2019 homophonetic nature, it was assumed they were mistakenly written, including the Kond\u014d Isami\u2019s documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Under the Mibu Temple\u2019s roof, there were stone steles inscribed with two different Kanji character writings<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The underlying assumption for the specific use of the \u65b0\u9078\u7d44 writing is nowhere to be verified. Nevertheless artifacts have highlighted its use by the Shinsengumi members. In addition to Kond\u014d Isami\u2019s letters to his hometown Tama written with this character, there was a similarly engraved seal for letter\u2019s signatory\u2019s stamping use. The seal is now readily exhibited at the Kojima Museum in Machida (Tokyo). Based on the Shinsengumi ibun book by Kan Shimozawa, with background information supplemented during the Edo period\u2019s interview by Yagi Tamesaburo, son of Yagi Gennojo, he reflected that the right pillar\u2019s doorplate at the Yagi Residence\u2019s entrance bared this character writing as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Engraved seal exhibited at the Kojima Museum<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nowadays, the Japanese Government has standardized the use of the \u65b0\u9078\u7d44 character as Shinsengumi\u2019s official name in Kanji including but not limited to the historical site\u2019s signage and description, event promotion such as Tokyo\u2019s Hino-shi Shinsengumi Festival and the documentation of personnel and artifacts. However the two characters\u2019 discrepancy study has allowed a deeper understanding of the troop in its history and culture which they encountered, and its history\u2019s mystery is always what the fancy lies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Under the Mibu Temple\u2019s roof, there were stone steles inscribed with two different Kanji character writings<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u65b0\u9078\u7d44\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u6703\u898b\u5beb\u6210\u65b0\u64b0\u7d44\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u54ea\u500b\u624d\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\uff1f\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u5728\u65e5\u8a9e\u91cc\u662f\u540c\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5e55\u672b\u6642\u671f\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u5169\u5b57\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u6df7\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u8e0f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":191962175,"featured_media":628,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[755837497],"tags":[2181662,755837560,306460],"class_list":["post-1583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-755837497","tag-2181662","tag-755837560","tag-306460"],"yoast_head":"\n\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u58eb\u65b0\u9078\u7d44\u7684\u300c\u9078\u300d\u8207\u300c\u64b0\u300d 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